Hallux valgus

What is Juvenile Hallux Valgus?

Juvenile hallux valgus, commonly known as a bunion, is a foot deformity where the big toe angles toward the second toe. This creates a bony bump on the inside of the foot near the base of the big toe. Unlike adult bunions, this condition develops in childhood or adolescence.

What Causes It?

Several factors can contribute to juvenile hallux valgus, including:

• Genetics - If a parent has bunions, their child is more likely to develop them.
• Foot Structure - Flat feet, loose ligaments, or an unstable arch can lead to bunion formation.
• Medical Conditions - Conditions like cerebral palsy or connective tissue disorders can increase the risk.

Are There Different Types?

Yes, bunions can vary in severity and cause:

• Mild Bunion - Small bump with minimal pain.
• Moderate Bunion - Noticeable bump with occasional discomfort.
• Severe Bunion - Large bump, misalignment of the toe, and significant pain.

Symptoms

• A visible bump on the side of the foot near the big toe.
• Pain or discomfort, especially when walking or wearing shoes.
• Redness, swelling, or irritation around the joint.
• Stiffness or limited movement of the big toe.
• Development of calluses or corns due to friction.

Possible Complications

Most of the simple, mild ones, are mostly a cosmetic concern.

For the more advanced cases, if left untreated, juvenile hallux valgus may lead to:

• Increased pain and difficulty walking.
• Arthritis in the toe joint.
• Toe deformities, like hammertoes or overlapping toes.
• Chronic inflammation from rubbing against shoes.

How Is It Diagnosed?

• Examine the foot for signs of misalignment.
• Ask about symptoms and family history.
• Order X-rays to assess the severity and rule out other conditions.

Treatment Options

Non-Surgical Treatments:

• Proper Footwear - Wide-toe box shoes with good arch support.
• Orthotics (Custom Insoles) - Help realign the foot and relieve pressure.
• Toe Spacers or Bunion Pads - Reduce friction and provide mild correction.
• Physical Therapy & Stretching - Strengthens foot muscles and improves flexibility.
• Pain Management - Ice packs, anti-inflammatory medication

Surgical Treatment (If Necessary):

• When is Surgery Needed? If pain is severe, the bunion is worsening, or non-surgical methods are ineffective.
• Types of Surgery:
  • Osteotomy and soft tissue procedures - Realignment of the bones.

Recovery

• Non-surgical treatments require ongoing foot care to manage symptoms.
• After surgery:
  • Rest and limited weight-bearing for a few weeks.
  • Use of crutches or a walking boot during healing.
  • Physical therapy to restore movement and strength.
  • Full recovery may take a few months.

How Can It Be Prevented?

• Check for Early Signs – If a bump appears, address it early.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Can bunions go away on their own?
A: No, but early intervention can prevent them from getting worse.

Q: Will my child need surgery?
A: Most cases can be managed with non-surgical treatments. Surgery is only necessary for severe or painful cases.

Q: Are bunions always painful?
A: No, but they can become painful over time if untreated.

Q: At what age can a child develop a bunion?
A: Bunions can appear as early as 7–10 years old and worsen during adolescence.

Q: Can my child still play sports?
A: Yes, but they may need supportive footwear or orthotics to prevent pain.